Agnès Callamard of Amnesty International released a 177‑page report, "Targeting Civilians: Killings, Hostage-Taking, and Other Violations by Palestinian Armed Groups in Israel and Gaza," accusing Hamas and other Palestinian armed groups of war crimes and crimes against humanity over the October 7, 2023 attacks that killed about 1,200 people and included sexual violence, torture and mass abductions.The investigation documents testimony and forensic evidence of indiscriminate assaults on civilians, the killing of infants and the elderly, more than 250 people taken hostage — many civilians — and also confirms some Israeli civilian deaths linked to the IDF’s use of the Hannibal Protocol and cases of friendly fire.Hamas dismissed the findings as "Israeli lies," while Oren Marmorstein, a spokesperson for Israel’s Foreign Ministry, said the report is biased and too lenient on the militants; Amnesty says the evidence supports its catalog of abuses and names groups including the Al-Quds Brigades among perpetrators.